Columbia University

• High pressure-high temperature ex- and in-situ experiments; I use experimental apparatus (IHPV/ piston cylinders/ controlled atmosphere furnace/ Paris-Edinburgh Press) occasionally in conjunction with synchrotron radiation sources to study phase equilibria, volatile solubility and physical properties (density, viscosity) of magma at high pressure and temperature.

• Melt inclusions and glass spectroscopy; I use laboratory and synchrotron-based analytical techniques (XANES/ ion probe/ x-ray micro-tomography/ Raman/ NMR/ FTIR/ LA-ICPMS/ EMP/ SEM) in natural and synthetic products to understand how the composition and structure of the liquid and solid phases behave during degassing.

• Volcanic gas remote and in-situ sensing; I use spectroscopic, in-situ and direct sensing equipment to characterize gas emissions from volcanoes in a state of unrest, often during large-scale expeditions that I lead. I develop “intelligent” camera systems that detect, record, analyse and signal volcanic eruptions. I follow ongoing eruptions with satellite and ground-based photogrammetry and analyses of emitted tephra.